Foods every pregnant woman should eat. You will not hear most obstetricians recommending sesame seed to their patients, nor will you find a good old spelt snack recipe in your average pregnancy book. A number of inexpensive foods are available all year long, and they are easy to prepare so there is no extra time on your feet in the kitchen. Frozen blueberries. Most of the nutrition content of blueberries is retained when they are frozen. Top 10 foods every pregnant woman should eat for the health of mom and her growing baby. 24 weeks pregnant marks an important milestone in your baby's development: she's now viable. She's also busy testing out her facial expressions this week. At 11 weeks pregnant, some of the rapid fetal developments underway include: Head and neck - hair follicles form, head is the same length as his or her body. Your baby is the size of a large carrot. Your baby is grazing on whatever you are right now, but those stretch marks are yours alone, Mom. Vitamin C Combats Cataracts. In related news, higher intakes of vitamin C have been shown to prevent cataracts, the second leading cause of vision loss. Be sure to eat wild blueberries to get double the amount of antioxidants that you would get from blueberries that are grown conventionally. Try blending a few blueberries with some plain yogurt and top with chopped almonds for a great treat. Kidney beans. Kidney beans are great to eat all of the time, but especially if you are pregnant. They are packed full of antioxidants, fiber iron and protein. When a woman becomes pregnant, her blood volume expands, causing a need for additional iron so the body can efficiently produce more hemoglobin. Additionally, research indicates that iron is essential to the cognitive development of your baby. Mix them in with your soup or even in your salad. Plain yogurt. One serving of plain yogurt can provide a quarter of your daily requirements for calcium, protein and many other minerals and vitamins. Buy the brands that are labeled as . Stay away from the fruit flavored yogurts because they are packed with sugar. Add fresh fruit or honey at home to your plain yogurt for a sweet treat. Sardines. Sardines are rich in healthy Omega- 3s, which are essential for the development of your baby's eyes and brain. Sardines are low in mercury, so they are safer than the large ocean fish. Buy the sardines that are packed in their original oil or in olive oil. Try them on a cracker with a little Dijon mustard or add them to your salad for great flavor. Sesame seeds. Many people do not realize that sesame seeds are loaded with calcium that you baby needs for proper bone development. Sprinkle a few in your salad; add them to plain yogurt or over stir- fry. You can also use a sesame seed paste known as tahini in the foods that you prepare. Spelt. Similar to wheat, but tougher on the outside, spelt is full of nutrients. Spelt also digests easier than wheat. Constipation is a common problem for most pregnant women. Spelt is high in fiber and will have a positive effect. Cook and mix with steamed vegetables, or make some bread out of spelt flour. Swiss chard. This is a leafy green vegetable that is full of beta- carotene, which your baby needs for proper tissue and cell development. In addition, it is also a great source of Vitamin C, which is essential for your baby's teeth and bones as well as connective tissue. Even better, it is full of iron. Chop it up finely and saut. You can also try adding it to your vegetable minestrone soup. Wheat bran. Research indicates that wheat bran is helpful with the management of gestational diabetes, as well as additional fiber to ease constipation. Try some bran muffins to curb your cravings. Barley beans. Barely beans are a great source of folic acid, which helps prevent neural tube defects such as spinal bifida, cleft lip and many other congenital malformations. Muesli. Muesli is a good way to add more iron to your diet to help the body produce enough blood to properly supply the placenta. Make room for these foods in your regular diet and both you and your baby will benefit greatly. For more on pregnancy nutrition. Eating fish during pregnancy may help mood. A mommy- to- be menu you need: Satisfy your cravings. Pregnancy - Wikipedia. Pregnancy, also known as gravidity or gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman. Childbirth typically occurs around 4. LMP). An embryo is the developing offspring during the first eight weeks following conception, after which, the term fetus is used until birth. The first trimester is from week one through 1. Conception is when the sperm fertilizes the egg. The fertilized egg then travels down the fallopian tube and attaches to the inside of the uterus, where it begins to form the fetus and placenta. Around the middle of the second trimester, movement of the fetus may be felt. At 2. 8 weeks, more than 9. The third trimester is from 2. After 4. 1 weeks, it is known as post term. Babies born before 3. The number of pregnancies in women ages 1. Common causes include maternal bleeding, complications of abortion, high blood pressure of pregnancy, maternal sepsis, and obstructed labor. Half of unplanned pregnancies are aborted. Twins and other multiple births are counted as one pregnancy and birth. A woman who has never been pregnant is referred to as a nulligravida. A woman who is (or has been only) pregnant for the first time is referred to as a primigravida. In- progress pregnancies, abortions, miscarriages and/ or stillbirths account for parity values being less than the gravida number. In the case of twins, triplets, etc., gravida number and parity value are increased by one only. Women who have never carried a pregnancy achieving more than 2. This is in contrast to pregnancy complications. Sometimes a symptom that is considered a discomfort can be considered a complication when it is more severe. For example, nausea can be a discomfort (morning sickness), but if, in combination with significant vomiting, it causes water- electrolyte imbalance it is a complication (hyperemesis gravidarum). Common symptoms and discomforts of pregnancy include: Tiredness. Constipation. Pelvic girdle pain. Back pain. Braxton Hicks contractions. Occasional, irregular, and often painless contractions that occur several times per day. Edema (swelling). Common complaint in advancing pregnancy. Caused by compression of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and pelvic veins by the uterus leads to increased hydrostatic pressure in lower extremities. Increased urinary frequency. A common complaint referred by the gravida, caused by increased intravascular volume, elevated GFR (glomerular filtration rate), and compression of the bladder by the expanding uterus. Urinary tract infection. Common complaint caused by relaxation of the venous smooth muscle and increased intravascular pressure. Haemorrhoids (piles). Swollen veins at or inside the anal area. Caused by impaired venous return, straining associated with constipation, or increased intra- abdominal pressure in later pregnancy. Using this date, the resulting fetal age is called the gestational age. This choice was a result of inability to discern the point in time when the actual conception happened. In in vitro fertilisation, gestational age is calculated by days from oocyte retrieval + 1. Fertilization is the event where the egg cell fuses with the male gamete, spermatozoon. After the point of fertilization, the fused product of the female and male gamete is referred to as a zygote or fertilized egg. The fusion of male and female gametes usually occurs following the act of sexual intercourse. Fertilization can also occur by assisted reproductive technology such as artificial insemination and in vitro fertilisation. Fertilization (conception) is sometimes used as the initiation of pregnancy, with the derived age being termed fertilization age. Fertilization usually occurs about two weeks before the next expected menstrual period. A third point in time is also considered by some people to be the true beginning of a pregnancy: This is time of implantation, when the future fetus attaches to the lining of the uterus. This is about a week to ten days after fertilization. The fertilized egg, known as a zygote, then moves toward the uterus, a journey that can take up to a week to complete. Cell division begins approximately 2. Cell division continues at a rapid rate and the cells then develop into what is known as a blastocyst. The blastocyst arrives at the uterus and attaches to the uterine wall, a process known as implantation. The development of the mass of cells that will become the infant is called embryogenesis during the first approximately ten weeks of gestation. During this time, cells begin to differentiate into the various body systems. The basic outlines of the organ, body, and nervous systems are established. By the end of the embryonic stage, the beginnings of features such as fingers, eyes, mouth, and ears become visible. Also during this time, there is development of structures important to the support of the embryo, including the placenta and umbilical cord. The placenta connects the developing embryo to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply. The umbilical cord is the connecting cord from the embryo or fetus to the placenta. After about ten weeks of gestational age, the embryo becomes known as a fetus. At the beginning of the fetal stage, the risk of miscarriage decreases sharply. Sex organs begin to appear during the third month of gestation. The fetus continues to grow in both weight and length, although the majority of the physical growth occurs in the last weeks of pregnancy. Electrical brain activity is first detected between the fifth and sixth week of gestation. It is considered primitive neural activity rather than the beginning of conscious thought. Synapses begin forming at 1. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. Fetus at 8 weeks after fertilization. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. Fetus at 1. 8 weeks after fertilization. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. Fetus at 3. 8 weeks after fertilization. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. Relative size in 1st month (simplified illustration)Relative size in 3rd month (simplified illustration)Relative size in 5th month (simplified illustration)Relative size in 9th month (simplified illustration)Maternal changes. Breast changes as seen during pregnancy. The areolae are larger and darker. During pregnancy, the woman undergoes many physiological changes, which are entirely normal, including cardiovascular, hematologic, metabolic, renal, and respiratory changes. Increases in blood sugar, breathing, and cardiac output are all required. Levels of progesterone and oestrogens rise continually throughout pregnancy, suppressing the hypothalamic axis and therefore also the menstrual cycle. The fetus is genetically different from the woman and can be viewed as an unusually successful allograft. Many symptoms and discomforts of pregnancy like nausea and tender breasts appear in the first trimester. Although the breasts have been developing internally since the beginning of the pregnancy, most of the visible changes appear after this point. Weeks 1. 3 to 2. 8 of the pregnancy are called the second trimester. Most women feel more energized in this period, and begin to put on weight as the symptoms of morning sickness subside and eventually fade away. The uterus, the muscular organ that holds the developing fetus, can expand up to 2. Although the fetus begins to move during the first trimester, it is not until the second trimester that movement, often referred to as . This typically happens in the fourth month, more specifically in the 2. It is common for some women not to feel the fetus move until much later. During the second trimester, most women begin to wear maternity clothes. Third trimester. The uterus expands making up a larger and larger portion of the woman's abdomen. At left anterior view with months labeled, at right lateral view labeling the last 4 weeks. During the final stages of gestation before childbirth the fetus and uterus will drop to a lower position. Final weight gain takes place, which is the most weight gain throughout the pregnancy. The woman's abdomen will transform in shape as it drops due to the fetus turning in a downward position ready for birth. During the second trimester, the woman's abdomen would have been upright, whereas in the third trimester it will drop down low. The fetus moves regularly, and is felt by the woman. Fetal movement can become strong and be disruptive to the woman. The woman's navel will sometimes become convex, . It also severely reduces bladder capacity, and increases pressure on the pelvic floor and the rectum. It is also during the third trimester that maternal activity and sleep positions may affect fetal development due to restricted blood flow. For instance, the enlarged uterus may impede blood flow by compressing the vena cava when lying flat, which is relieved by lying on the left side. In order to have a standard reference point, the normal pregnancy duration is assumed by medical professionals to be 2. The best method of determining gestational age is ultrasound during the first trimester of pregnancy. This is typically accurate within seven days. This calculates the expected due date from the first day of the last normal menstrual period (LMP or LNMP) regardless of factors known to make this inaccurate, such as a shorter or longer menstrual cycle length. Pregnancy most commonly lasts for 4. LNMP- based method, assuming that the woman has a predictable menstrual cycle length of close to 2. The average time to birth has been estimated to be 2. A decision may be made to induce labour if a fetus is perceived to be overdue. Furthermore, if ultrasound dating predicts a later due date than LMP, this might indicate slowed fetal growth and require closer review. The stage of pregnancy defined as the beginning of legal fetal viability varies around the world. It sometimes incorporates weight as well as gestational age. While childbirth is widely experienced as painful, some women do report painless labours, while others find that concentrating on the birth helps to quicken labour and lessen the sensations.
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